gvSOS: A New Client for the OGC® Sensor Observation Service Interface Standard     

Alain Tamayo  Joaquín Huerta  Carlos Granell  Laura Díaz  Ricardo Quirós 《Transactions in GIS》2009,13(S1):47-61

A key problem with sensor networks is achieving interoperability between different networks potentially built using different software and hardware platforms. Services interfaced by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications allow GIS clients to access geospatial data without knowing the details about how these data are gathered or stored. Currently, OGC is working on a set of interoperable interfaces and metadata encodings known as Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) that enables the integration of heterogeneous sensor systems and measurements into geospatial information infrastructures. In this article we present the implementation of gvSOS, a new module for gvSIG to connect to Sensor Observation Services (SOS). The gvSOS client module allows gvSIG users to interact with SOS servers, displaying the information gathered by sensors as a layer composed by features. We present the software engineering development process followed to build the module. For each step of the process we specify the main obstacles found during the development such as restrictions of the gvSIG architecture, inaccuracies in the OGC specifications, and a set of common problems found in current SOS server implementations available on the Internet. For most of the problems found we propose a solution, or at least we present a path that might lead to it.  相似文献   

Intra- and inter-specific variability in total and methylmercury bioaccumulation by eight marine fish species from the Azores   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Magalhães MC  Costa V  Menezes GM  Pinho MR  Santos RS  Monteiro LR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(10):1654-1662

We relate fish biological and ecological characteristics to total and organic mercury concentrations to determine whether accumulation is influenced by trophic level, Hg concentration in the diet, and vertical distribution. Levels of total mercury and methylmercury were determined in the muscle tissue of eight species of fish: Pagellus acarne, Trachurus picturatus, Phycis phycis, P. blennoides, Polyprion americanus, Conger conger, Lepidopus caudatus and Mora moro, caught in the Azores. All such fishes are commercially valuable and were selected to include species from a wide range of vertical distributions from epipelagic (<200 m) to mesopelagic (>300 m) environments. Methylmercury was the major form accumulated in all species, comprising an average of 88.1% of total mercury. Concentrations of mercury (total and methylmercury) increased with age, length and weight. Based on data from other studies, mercury concentrations in fish diet were estimated. Mercury levels in food ranged from 0.08 to 0.32 ppm, dry weight. Hg concentrations in the food and in muscle tissue from different species were positively correlated. Total Hg levels in the muscles were approximately nine times those estimated in food. Total mercury concentrations in muscle were positively correlated with both trophic level and median depth. Such enhanced mercury bioaccumulation in relation to depth appears to be determined primarily by concentrations in food and ultimately by water chemistry, which controls mercury speciation and uptake at the base of the food chain.  相似文献   

Deep sea immunity: unveiling immune constituents from the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus     

Bettencourt R  Roch P  Stefanni S  Rosa D  Colaço A  Santos RS 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(2):108-127

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Constraints on metasomatized mantle under Central South America: evidence from Jurassic alkaline lamprophyre dykes from the Eastern Cordillera, NM Argentina     

Natalia Hauser  Massimo Matteini  Ricardo H. Omarini  Márcio M. Pimentel 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,100(3-4):153-184

In the Río Grande Valley, NW Argentina, several porphyritic panidiomorphic, ocelli-bearing dykes and sills intrude the Neoproterozoic to lower Paleozoic basement of the Eastern Cordillera. New petrographical and geochemical data permit us to classify these rocks as ocellar-analcime monchiquites, a feldspar-free variety of alkaline lamprophyre composed of Ti-rich-diopside/augite, Ti-rich biotite/phlogopite, forsteritic olivine, titanian-pargasite and analcime, with abundant ocelli filled with analcime/carbonate. In terms of geochemical compositions they are characterized by LILE and LREE enrichment and lack of Nb-Ta and Eu anomalies. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd initial ratios range between 0.70377 to 0.70781 and 0.512506 and 0.512716 respectively, and T_DM model ages vary between 0.25–0.64 Ga. A K-Ar age of 163?±?9 Ma suggests that these rocks are related to the pre-rifting stage of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental Salta Rift in NW Argentina. Partial melting of a heterogeneous enriched metasomatized lithospheric mantle, magma mixing and fractionation are envisaged to explain the petrographic, geochemical and isotope characteristics of these magmas.  相似文献   

GGR Biennial Review: Advances in Laser Ablation and Solution ICP-MS from 2008 to 2009 with Particular Emphasis on Sensitivity Enhancements,Mitigation of Fractionation Effects and Exploration of New Applications     

Ricardo Arevalo Jr  Jeremy Bellucci  William F. McDonough 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(4):327-341

Recent developments from 2008 to 2009 in ICP-MS engineering, methods and applications are reviewed here. Of particular emphasis are advances in: (a) maximising sensitivity and reducing elemental/isotopic fractionation during laser ablation processing; (b) developing new analytical techniques to measure major, minor and trace element abundances without depending on matrix-matched calibrating materials, pre-determined internal standard concentrations and/or multiple analytical methods; (c) applying in situ and solution-based ICP-MS techniques to the analysis of forensic materials for criminal and/or nuclear investigations; and (d) improving precision and limits of detection of laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS measurements of (ultra) trace elemental and isotopic abundances.  相似文献   

Thermochemistry of strontium incorporation in aragonite from atomistic simulations     

Sergio E. Ruiz-Hernandez  Ricardo Grau-Crespo  A. Rabdel Ruiz-Salvador  Nora H. De Leeuw 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(4):1320-13861

We have investigated the thermodynamics of mixing between aragonite (orthorhombic CaCO₃) and strontianite (SrCO₃). In agreement with experiment, our simulations predict that there is a miscibility gap between the two solids at ambient conditions. All Sr_xCa_1−xCO₃ solids with compositions 0.12 < x < 0.87 are metastable with respect to separation into a Ca-rich and a Sr-rich phase. The concentration of Sr in coral aragonites (x ∼ 0.01) lies in the miscibility region of the phase diagram, and therefore formation of separated Sr-rich phases in coral aragonites is not thermodynamically favorable. The miscibility gap disappears at around 380 K. The enthalpy of mixing, which is positive and nearly symmetric with respect to x = 0.5, is the dominant contribution to the excess free energy, while the vibrational and configurational entropic contributions are small and of opposite sign. We provide a detailed comparison of our simulation results with available experimental data.  相似文献   

Integration of 3D large‐scale earthquake simulations into the assessment of the seismic risk of Bogota,Colombia     

Andrea C. Riao  Juan C. Reyes  Luis E. Yamín  Jacobo Bielak  Ricardo Taborda  Doriam Restrepo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):155-176

Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, is mostly located on a lacustrine soil deposit surrounded by hills in a central plateau of the eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes. This highly populated urban area is exposed to a significant seismic hazard from local and regional fault systems. In addition, the potential ground motion amplification during earthquakes due to the presence of soft soil deposits, along with the effects of the surface and subsurface topography, can strongly influence the seismic hazard and consequently the seismic risk to the city. This study aims to develop a physics‐based framework to generate synthetic ground records that can help better understand the seismic response of the basin and other amplification effects during strong earthquake shaking in the region, and to incorporate these effects into the estimation of seismic risk. To this end, a set of simulations were first conducted on Hercules, the wave propagation octree‐based finite element simulator developed by the Quake Group at Carnegie Mellon University, to identify the impacts of hypothetical strong earthquakes scenarios. Then, the results from these simulations were integrated with the exposure and vulnerability information previously developed for the main building constructions in the city to assess the seismic risk in the region under different conditions of analysis. Results from this more detailed model are compared with previously published results from simplified models. Sensitivity analyses help identify critical aspects that should be considered in the future to improve the seismic risk assessment of infrastructure.  相似文献   

A 400-year tree-ring record of the Puelo River summer–fall streamflow in the Valdivian Rainforest eco-region, Chile     

Antonio Lara  Ricardo Villalba  Rocío Urrutia 《Climatic change》2008,86(3-4):331-356

The Puelo River is a watershed shared between Chile and Argentina with a mean annual streamflow of 644 m³ s^?1. It has a high ecologic and economic importance, including introduced farmed salmon, tourism, sports fishing and projected hydroelectricity. Using Austrocedrus chilensis and Pilgerodendron uviferum tree-ring records we reconstructed summer–fall (December–May) Puelo River streamflow, which is the first of such reconstructions developed in the Pacific domain of South America. The reconstruction goes back to 1599 and has an adjusted r ² of 0.42. Spectral analysis of the reconstructed streamflow shows a dominant 84-year cycle which explains 25.1% of the total temporal variability. The Puelo River summer–fall streamflow shows a significant correlation (P?>?0.95, 1943–2002) with hydrological records throughout a vast geographic range within the Valdivian eco-region (35 to 46°S). Seasonal Puelo River interannual streamflow variability is related to large-scale oceanic and atmospheric circulation features. Summer–fall streamflows showed a significant negative correlation with the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), whereas winter–spring anomalies appear to be positively connected with sea surface temperature variations in the tropical Pacific. In general, above- and below-average discharges in winter–spring are related to El Niño and La Niña events, respectively. The temporal patterns of the observed and reconstructed records of the Puelo River streamflow show a general decreasing trend in the 1943–1999 period. Projected circulation changes for the next decades in the Southern Hemisphere would decrease summer–fall Puelo River streamflows with significant impacts on salmon production, tourism and hydropower generation.  相似文献   

The Surface of Cometary Nulcei Related Minor Icy Bodies     

Javier Licandro  Juan C. Guerra  Humberto Campins  Mario Di Martino  Luisa M. Lara  Ricardo Gil–Hutton  Gian P. Tozzi 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):495-496

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Preface     

Ricardo A. Olea 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(4):383-384

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